 /CLASSICAL 01Sep00 V00-002/Classical Japanese-English Dictionary File/Copyright Glenn Rosenthal - 2000/
ư [] /verbs/
 [] /to dawn, to begin anew (shimoni)/
 [] /to be open, to becime empty, to become useless (yo)/
 [] /to be open, to becime empty, to become useless (yo)/
˰ [] /to become full of, to have enough of, to get tired of, to lose interest in (yo)/
 [] /to meet, to fit, to suit, to agree with, to match, to be correct, to be profitable (yo)/
 [] /to meet (with drama or pathos) (yo)/
 [] /to meet, to interview (yo)/
 [] /to be hit (yo)/
¤ [Ť] /to give into custody, to leave (a child) in the care of, to entrust, to deposit (shimoni)/
 [ޤ] /to err, to make a mistake (yo)/
 [ޤ] /to err, to make a mistake (yo)/
ޤ [餿ޤ] /to be renewed (yo)/
ͭޤ [ޤ] /expectation, forcast, intention (yo)/
ߤ [꤯] /to continue on without changing (kahen)/
 [꤯] /to continue on without changing (kahen)/
 [Ϥ] /to show, to indicate, to display (yo)/
ͭ [] /to be, to have (rahen)/
ߤ [] /to be, to have (rahen)/
 [] /to come, to arrive (yo)/
 [ĤϤ] /to lie, to cheat, to falsify, to deceive, to pretend (yo)/
Ф [] /to come out (shimoni)/
 [] /to say (yo)/
ͤ [] /to shoot (kamiichi)/
 [] /to put in, to take in, to bring in, to let in, to admit, to introduce, to commit (to prison), to usher in, to insert (yo)/
 [] /to disapear, to flee, to leave (nahen)/
 [] /to lie down (shimoni)/
 [] /to plant, to grow (shimoni)/
 [] /to float, to rise to surface, to come to mind (yo)/
ܤ [Ĥ] /to remove, to transfer, to move, to infect (yo)/
 [Ĥ] /to remove, to transfer, to move, to infect (yo)/
ܤ [Ĥ] /to change, to fade (yo)/
 [] /to curse, to express bitter, to say bitter things (kamini)/
 [] /to curse, to express bitter, to say bitter things (kamini)/
 [] /to think something is unfair, to have feelings of bitterness (yo)/
 [] /to think something is unfair, to have feelings of bitterness (yo)/
ݤ [] /to decide, to order, to command (shimoni)/
 [] /open sea, on the open sea/
֤ [] /to put, to place, to remove, to exclude (yo)/
 [] /to get up, to rise (kamini)/
Ԥʤ [ʤ] /to go (yo)/to practice/to do/
Ԥ [ʤ] /to go (irr-kanji) (yo)/to practice/to do/
 [] /to fall (kamini)/
 [Ȥ] /to fall behind, to be inferior to (yo)
Ϥ /(hon) to be, to come, to go (sahen)/
פ餹 [⤯餹] /to pass each day thinking of love (yo)/
פ [] /to think, to feel, to hope, to reconize (yo)/
פΤ [Ҥ] /to realize, to attain enlightenment, to perceive, to understand, to discern (yo)/
Ϸ [] /to age, to grow old (kamini)/
 [] /to decend (kamini)/
 [] /to write (yo)/
 [] /to run, to sprint, to dash, to race (shimoni)/
勞 [] /to run, to sprint, to dash, to race (shimoni)/
ߤ [] / to pluck (musical instrament), to comb hair, to scratch, to perspire (yo)/
 [] /to set up, to assemble, to construct (yo)/
 [] /to tie, to hang, to fasten, to connect (yo)/
ݤ [] /to tie, to hang, to fasten, to connect (yo)/
 [] /to measure, to weigh, to survey, to time, to tie, to hang, to fasten, to connect (shimoni)/
ݤ [] /to measure, to weigh, to survey, to time, to tie, to hang, to fasten, to connect (shimoni)/
 /to begin, to set about, to start (shimoni)/
 [] /to hide, to be hidden, to conceal oneself, to disappear (yo)/
Ƭ [} /to decorate the top of, to cover with flowers (yo)/
 [ؤ] /to return, to go back home (yo)/
 [] /to provide food and drink, to keep, to raise, to feed (yo)/
Ϥ [] /to wither, to loose spirit, to die (plant), to be blasted (shimoni)/
 [] /to wither, to loose spirit, to die (plant), to be blasted (shimoni)/
 [] /to wither, to loose spirit, to die (plant), to be blasted (shimoni)/
 [] /to hunt (yo)/
 [] /to feel, to sense, to experience (sahen)/
ä [] /to go out, to vanish (sahen)/
ʹ [] /to hear (yo)/
ä [] /to go out, to vanish (kamini)/
 [] /to wear (kamiichi)/
 [] /to come, to come to hand, to arrive, to approach, to call on, to come from (kahen)/
餹 [餹] /for the day to come to an end, for a seson to end, for the sun to set/
 [] /to compare shimoni)/
äϤ [ϤϤ] /to append, to sum up, to add (up), to include, to increase, to inflict, to deepen (yo)/
 [] /to kick (smoichi)/
 [] /to answer (shimoni)/
һ [Ҥ] /to die for love, to become love sick and die (nahen)/
 [] /to love (kamini)/
ɹԤ [椯] /to prosper, to flourish (yo)/
餯 [] /to bloom (yo)/
 [Ϥ] /to hinder, to interfere with, to affect, to do one harm, to be harmful to (yo)/
 [] /to leave, to go away, to change, to come (yo)/
 [ʤ] /to be flexable, to droop, supple, flexible, elastic (yo)/
Ǧ [Τ] /to suffer in silence, to silently bear up under (kamini)/
Ť [Τ]	to recollect, to remember, to long for (yo)/
ޤ [Τ]	to recollect, to remember, to long for (yo)/
 [Τ]	to recollect, to remember, to long for (yo)/
 [] /to occupy, to hold, to command, to be eqiped with, to consume (shimoni)/
ɸ [] /to occupy, to hold, to command, to be eqiped with, to consume (shimoni)/
 [] /to tighten, to stiffen, to brace, to strain (shimoni)/to make agreement/to chastise, to punish, to discipline/
 /to pierce (shimoni)/
Τ [] /to know (I), to understand, to be acquainted with, to feel (yo)/
 [] /to do (sahen)/
ᤰ [] /to go past (kamini)/
 [] /to reside, to live in, to inhabit, to dwell (yo)/
 [] /to rub against, to spend, to devote, to waste, to print on (yo)/
 [] /to rub against, to spend, to devote, to waste, to print on (yo)/
 [] /to be saved, to be rescued, to survive, to be helpful (yo)/s
 [] /to help, to save, to rescue, to give relief to, to spare (life), to reinforce, to promote, to abet (shimoni)/
Ω֤ [] /to turn back, to return (yo)/
Ω [] /to stand, to erect, to be erected, to receive the reputation of (yo)/
Ҥ [Ť] /to seek for, to ask, to enquire (shimoni)/
ʤӤ /to be pulled in from the sides (yo)/
 [ޤ] /to receive, to grant (yo)/
 [य] /to offer to a diety (shimoni)/
­ [] /to be sufficient, to be enough, to be satisfied (yo)/
 [] /to hang, to droop, to drop, to lower, to pull down, to dangle, to sag, to drip, to ooze (yo)/
 [] /to suspend (vt), to hang down, to slouch, to dangle (shimoni)/
 [] /to get tired, to tire (yo)/
 [] /to fall, to scatter (e.g. blossoms) (yo)/
Ť [Ĥ] /to serve, to work for (shimoni)/
֤ [Ĥ] /to do to together, to group (yo)/
̳ [ĤȤ] /to put forth great effort, exertion, endeavour, effort, to serve, to fill a post, to serve under, to exert oneself, to endeavor, to be diligent, to play (the part of), to work (for) (shimoni)/
Ф [ĤȤ] /to put forth great effort, exertion, endeavour, to serve, to fill a post, to serve under, to exert oneself, to endeavor, to be diligent, to play (the part of), to work (for) (shimoni)/
Ϣ [Ĥ] /to be connected, to be related (shimoni)/
 [Ȥ] /to come apart, to become clear, to melt (shimoni)/
α [Ȥɤ] /to fasten, to turn off, to detain, to leave a trace of (shimoni)/
ߤ [Ȥɤ] /to stop (something), to leave a trace of (shimoni)/
 [Ȥɤ] /to stop, to halt, to leave a trace of (shimoni)/
 [Ȥ] /to take, to pick up, to harvest (yo)/
 [Ȥ] /to ask, to question, to visit (yo)/
ˬ [Ȥ] /to visit, to ask, to question (yo)/
į [ʤ] /to view, to gaze at (shimoni)/
Ĥ [ʤ] /to bark, to purr, to make sound (animal) (yo)/
÷ [ʤ] /to sigh, to lament, to grieve (yo)/
ò [ʤ] /to sigh, to lament, to grieve (yo)/
̾դ [ʤŤ] /to give a name to (shimoni)/
¤ [ʤ] /to pile up, to put something on another, to heap up, to add, to repeat ,to line up, to set up (shimoni)/
Ӥ [ʤ] /to fly, to flutter, to win over, to win one's heart, to subdue (shimoni)/
 [ʤ] /to become (yo)/
Ǩ餹 [̤餹] /to wet, to soak, to dip (yo)/
Ǩ [̤] /to get wet (shimoni)/
Ǩ [̤] /to have feelings for each other (male-female), to have a love affair, to get wet (shimoichi)/
 [ͤ] /to desire, to wish, to request, to beg, to hope, to implore (yo)/
Ĥ [Τ] /to remain, to be left (yo)/
 ޤ /to increase, to become more (yo)/
 [ޤ] /to excel, to surpass, to outrival (yo)/
ͥ [ޤ] /to excel, to surpass, to outrival (yo)/
򤸤 [ޤ] /to be mixed, to be blended with, to associate with, to mingle with, to interest, to join (yo)/
Ԥ [ޤ] /to wait (yo)/
 [ߤ] /to be seen, to be in sight, to look, to seem, to appear (shimoni)/
 [ߤ] /to see, to watch (kamiichidan)/
 [य] /to face, to incline toward (yo)/
 [] /to love (shimoni)/
 [] /to hold, to possess, to carry, to grasp (yo)/
 [] /to gain, to aquire, to obtain (shimoni)/
 [] /to pass through (shimoni)/
餹 [դ] /to lie down, to retire, to go to bed (yo)/
 [դ] /to bend down, to prostrate oneself, to bow down (shimoni)/
 [դ] /to lay something upside down, to turn something over, to cover, to lay (pipes), to lay (an ambush), to hide (shimoni)/
 [դ] /to do deeply, to think deeply, deep, profound, thick, close (shimoni)/
Ƨʬ [դߤ櫓] /to push through (i.e. a crowd, vegetation, etc.) (shimoni)/
Ƨ [դ] /to step on, to tread on, to walk, to go (yo)/
ߤߤ [դꤷ] /to fall on completly, to completly cover with falling (leaves) (yo)/
ߤ [դꤷ] /to rain incessantly, to downpour (yo)/
ߤꤷ [դꤷ] /to rain incessantly, to downpour , to fall on completly, to completly cover with falling (leaves) (yo)/
ߤ [դ] /to precipitate, to fall (e.g. rain) (yo)/
Ƥ [䤱] /to burn to death (nahen)/
ܤ [䤷ʤ] /to rear, to maintain, to cultivate (yo)/
ɤ [ɤ] /to lodge, to dwell (temporary), to build a temporary shelter (yo)/
ɤꤹ [ɤꤹ] /to build a dwelling, to build a temporary shelter (sahen)/
Ԥ [椯] /to go (yo)/
Ƥ [] /to call (yo)/
 [] /to approach, to gather,to visit, to drop in (yo)/
ͤ [] /to depend on, to be due to (yo)/
̤ [狼] /to be divided, to part from, to separate, to branch off, to diverge from, to fork, to split, to dispense, to scatter (shimoni)/
ʬ [狼] /to be divided, to part from, to separate, to branch off, to diverge from, to fork, to split, to dispense, to scatter (shimoni)/
˺ [魯] /to forget, to leave carelessly, to be forgetful of, to forget about, to forget (an article) (shimoni)/
Ϥ [錄] /to go, to come/to cross over, to go across (yo)/
ɤ [] /to be worried, to be grieved, to pine for, pessimism, disappointment (kamini)/
 [] /to sit, to stay in the place, to be, to be, to exist, to reside (kamiichi)/
 [] /to be, to be, to exist (rahen)/
ޤ [] /to break, to fold, to pick flower (yo)/
ư [] /others/
­ [Ҥ] /the large, the spread-out (lit: foot-stretching) (makura)/
ؤ [ؤ] /unable to bear, impossible to do/
ǡʤ [ʤ] /in what way, to what degree/
 [very young, childish]
 [very, awfully, exceedingly/
ۤ [] /thus, in this way/
ǡ [] /likeness/
 [] /because it has haapened, therefore, for that reason, so/
䤨 [] /absolutely/
Ѥ [Ĥ] /long succession/
Թ [Ĥ] /entirely, completely/
Ȥ /used in counting years/
Ϥ [ͤϤ] /please (set phrase)/
 [ޤˤޤ] /follow, though, notwithstanding, while, during/
勞Ф /occasionally, accedentally, unintensionally/
̾ [] /nouns/
 /region name, pass name, meeting place (at the barrier)/
 [Ϥ] /bush clover, autumn brush or blooms (used only in poems)/
 /womanizer, fickle man/
 /reason/
 [] /house/
 [] /an extream, to feel deeply/
 [Ĥ] /lie, falsehood, fiction, fabrication/
Ȥ /more and more, all the more, increasingly, at last, beyond doubt, increasingly/
Ϸ [] /old, eldarly/
Ϸ [] /eldarly woman/
 [] /eldarly woman (unusual reading)/
 [] /settlement, conclusion, regulation, custom, law, preparedness, readiness/
 [ۤ] /world, society, general, substantially, outline, main point, perhaps, almost all, majority/
פ [] /thought, mind, heart, feelings, emotion, sentiment, love, affection, desire, wish, hope, expectation, imagination, experience/
 [] /sent, oder/
¤ [] /limit, bounds/
 [] /low intelligence, feeble-mindedness, imbecility/
 /well/
 [] /shell, shellfish, conch, trumpet shell/
 [] /from an egg, within an egg/
 [] /ravine, gorge, canyon/
 [] /spoon/
 [] /effect, virtue, efficacy, impression, value, worth, price, dignity/
 [] /ancient nation name/
 [] /between things, gap, space/
 [] /plant sprout/
 [] /ear (of plant), head (of plant)/
 [ʤ] /sacred mountain or forest/
 [] /prince, prince, lord/
ǡ [餮] /second month in the lunar calendar/
 [餮] /second month in the lunar calendar/
 [] /worry, distress, anguish, agony, problem/
 [] /this, just/
 [] /companion, partner, company, implement, tool, means/
 [ޤ] /old game played with a ball/
 [] /basket/
ǯ [] /last year/
ۤ [ۤ] /time, about, toward/
 [] /voice/
䤳 /look at this (set phrase)/
դ [] /inversion, upside down/
 [] /inversion, upside down/
 /even, even ... in addition/
 [Ϥ] /hindrance, impediment/
Τ [Τ] /without a doubt, unconditionally, as a rule/
Τߤ [Τߤ] /without a doubt, unconditionally, as a rule (expresses irony)/
Ϫ [Ĥ] /due/
 [] /long and narrow thing, lineage, stock, strain, blood relationship, reason, string, line/
 [] /unit of length (about 3 cm)/
 [] /order, turn 	(from poetry, dance, drinking)/
ï [] /who/
 [Ĥ] /cascade, torrent, water fall/
ζ [Ĥ] /River name near Nara/
ι [Ӥ] /sensation of travelling/
 /even, at least/
ï [] /who/
 [Ĥ] /dayflower, name of a flower/
 [Ƥफ] /resistance/
 [Ƥफ] /resistance/
Ƭ [Ĥ] /having a good head for observation, kind of asceticism/
Ȥ [Ĥ] /employee, mistress, kept woman, concubine/
֤ [Ĥ] /circumstances, condition, convenience/
 [Ĥ] /last day of the month by lunar calendar/
Ȥ /strengthens the preceding/
ǯ [Ȥ] /year, age/
ʤĤϤ /iris (flower)/
ʤ /you, teem used for with afection for a man/
̤ /farewell gift, offering to god/
 [Τ] /field/
 [ϤĤϤ] /first blooms, plants that bloom in this season/
ղ[Ϥ뤬] /spring mist/
 [ҤȤ] /make an apperance, go out, glimpse, public gaze/
 [Ҥ] /crevice, crack/
 [դ] /deep grass, wild field/
 [դ] /owl/
Ф /degree, extent, approximately, just, only, merely, nothing but/
Ļ [ۤȤȤ] /cuckoo/
̬ [ߤ] /straw raincoat/
 [ߤ] /Mountain in Yamato proveence/
 [] /woman, wife/
 [] /woman, wife/
 [⤯] /sea plants, seaweed, dried seaweed/
 [⤷] /salt from seaweed or sea plants/
 [] /origin, source, foundation, root, base, principle/
 [] /origin, source, foundation, root, base, principle/
Τ /but, however (expesses contractidtion)/
 [ߤ] /maple, autumn colours/
ܤ [䤷ʤ] /nutrition, nourishment, nurture, bringing up, rearing/
 [䤹] /peaceful, tranquil, calm, restful/
 [䤹] /peaceful, tranquil, calm, restful/
 [] /house, residence, inn, lodging/
ɤ [ɤ] /house, residence, inn, lodging/
Τ [ޤ] /remote moutain vilage/
 [ޤ] /mountain-side, montain area/
ʬ [ޤ櫓] /garment warn for walking in the mountains or on a mountain road/
ʬ [ޤ櫓] /garment warn for walking in the mountains or on a mountain road/
 [] /evening, night/
 [] /truely, moreover, never (neg verb)/
 [] /10,000, various, everthing, many/
 [] /I, me, oneself, self, ego/
 [勞] /young leaves/
 [勞] /leaves that change color to red or yellow in summer/
ɤӿ [ӤӤ] /lonesome person, unwanted person, poverty-stricken person/
Ϻ [ߤʤ] /maidenflower, patrinia (name of flower)/
 [] /season, chance, suitable time/
̾ [] /names/
¤ [ߤĤ] /surname/
Ļ [ߤĤ] /shinto priest name/
ƻ [] /adjitives/
Ĥ [] /blue, pale, green, unripe, inexperienced (ku)/
 [䤷] /suspicious, dubious, doubtful, questionable (shiku)/
 [䤷] /suspicious, dubious, doubtful, questionable (shiku)/
ۤ [䤷] /suspicious, dubious, doubtful, questionable (shiku)/
Ӥޤ [ޤ] /desolate, rough, wild, rude, harsh, gruff, violent (shiku)/
¤ʤ /abnormal, not intensional, not normal, not direct (ku)/
ߤ /violent, vehement, intense, furious, tempestuous (shiku)/
ͫ []	/unhappy, sad, gloomy, grief, distress, sorrow (ku)/
 [] /non-deep color, thin, weak, watery, diluted, light (ku)/
 [Ĥ] /beautiful, lovely (shiku)/
 [Ĥ] /beautiful, lovely (shiku)/
 [줷] /happy, glad, pleasant (shiku)/
ʤ [̵] /unnecessary, unimportaint (ku)/
Ʊ [ʤ] /same, identical, equal, uniform, equivalent, similar (shiku)/
礭 [ۤ]	/big, large (ku)/
«̵ [ܤĤʤ] /doubtful, uncertain, absent minded, dazled (ku)/
¿ [ۤ] /many, numerous (ku)/
 [] /terrible, dreadful, frightening, eerie (shiku)/
 [] /difficult/
ᤷ [ʤ] /sad, sorrowful (shiku)/
餷 [餷] /living, livelihood, subsistence, circumstances (ku)/
ᤷ [¤] /near, somewhere near (ku)/
ǻ [] /deep color, thick, dense, strong, dark (ku)/
 [Ҥ] /dear, wanted, beloved, darling (shiku)/
Ԥ [Ӥ] /lonely, lonesome, solitary, desolate, scilence, missing something (shiku)/
䤷 [Ӥ] /lonely, lonesome, solitary, desolate, scilence, missing something (shiku)/
ŤФ [ΤФ] /to long for, to yearn for, to miss, to adore, to love dearly (shiku)/
 [] /white (ku)/
⤷ [] /tall, high, expensive (ku)/
ᤷ [] /near, close by, short (ku)/
Ĥʤ /not related, unconcerned, indifferent/
Ĺ [ʤ] /long (ku)/
ʤ [ʤ] /long, lengthy (ku)/
̵ [ʤ] /there isn't, doesn't have (ku)/
Ϥ [ͤϤ] /desirable, hoped for (shiku)/
ʤ [ͤ] /spitefull, mean, regrettable, mortifying, vexatious (ku)/
Ĺפ [Τɤ] /carefree (ku)/
̵ [Ϥʤ] /fleeting, transient, short-lived, momentary, vain, fickle, miserable, empty, ephemeral (ku)/
㤷 [Ϥ] /violent, vehement, intense, furious, tempestuous, raging, strenuous (shiku)/
פ [Ҥ]	/long, long-continued, old (shiku)/
 [դ] /deep, profound, thick, close (ku)/
٤ [ۤ] /thin, slender, fine (ku)/
Ǥ /splendid (an), magnificent, beautiful (ku)/
פ [䤹] /easy, simple (ku)/
¤ [褷] /beautiful, good, pleasant (ku)/
ɤ [褷] /good, nice, pleasant, ok (ku)/
ɤ [Ӥ] /wretched, comfortless, lonesome, lonely (shiku)/
 [] /bad, inferior (ku)/
򤫤 /strange, funny, amusing, ridiculous (shiku)/
Ĺ [򤵤] /long (shiku)/
ˤ [] /regrettable, disappointing, precious (shiku)/
 [] /pretty, charming, lovely (shiku)/
 [] /particles/
̾졼 [] /(1) subject marker (case-part)/(2) used to make one word modify the following word/(3) designation or function (being x, it is y...)/
Ϣη [] /(1) subject marker (case-part)/(2) used to make one word modify the following word/(3) designation or function (being x, it is y...)/
 [] /(1) subject marker (case-part)/(2) designation or function (bing x, it is y...)/(3) used to make one word modify the following word/(4) cause a word to function as an adverb/(5) direct object marker (transitive verb)/
 [] /possesive relationsihip (case-part)/
Ϣѷ [] /(1) shows relationship to other words (case-part) {Ф, ,Ȥ...}/(2) functions as an adverb (case-part)/
 [] /(1) simular to modern ni (case-part)/(2) use in repeting verbs for empheses/
̾졼 [] /(1) indicates respect (case-part)/(2) show resemblence to another thing {Τ褦}/
 [] /direct object (transitive verb) (case-part)/
 [] /direction toward which an action is conducted (case-part)/
 [] /conclusive form (simular to modern to) (case-part)/
Ȥ [Ȥ] /conclusive form (case-part) {Ȼפä,ȸä...}/
 [] /(1) point action origninates (case-part) {}/(2) place along which an action proceeds {̤ä}/(3) a limit {ʳ}/(4) comparison {}/(5) a method {}/(6) a reason {Τ}/
 [] /(1) origin of an action (case-part) {}/(2) a reason {Τ}/means by which somehting is done {}/
 [] /as soon as... (conj-part)/no sooner than/
Τ [Τ] /however, yet (conj-part)/
ޤ [ޤ] /point up to which something continues (case-part)/
ޤǤ [ޤǤ] /degree or extend (adv-part) {ۤɤ}/
ˤ [ˤ] /place (case-part) {,}/time {λ}/situation {}/cause or reason {Τ}/capacity or function {Ȥ}/used for emphasis {}/
ˤ [ˤ] /place, time, etc. (case-part)/
 [] /(1) with ..., by means of .../(2) methode, means, scope of action/
̤ [] /unfulfilled or hypothetical conditon, if (conj-part)/
 [] /causal or temporal relationship, fulfilled conditon, since (conj-part)/
Ф [Ф] /expresses a wish or disire on the part of the speaker (fin-part)/
Ф [Ф] /expresses irony (combination part)/
߷(ư,ư) [] /hypothetical concession, even if ..., (usually used as tomo) (conj-part)/
Ϣѷ(ƻ,ư) [] /hypothetical concession, even if ..., (usually used as tomo) (conj-part)/
Ϣη(ư,ư) [] /hypothetical concession, even if ..., (Kamakura onward) (conj-part)/
߷(ư,ư)Ȥ [Ȥ] /hypothetical concession, even if ... (conj-part)/
Ϣѷ(ƻ,ư)Ȥ [Ȥ] /hypothetical concession, even if ... (conj-part)/
Ϣη(ư,ư)Ȥ [Ȥ] /hypothetical concession, even if ... (Kamakura onward) (conj-part)/
 [] /... though, ... all though (conj-part)/
 [ɤ] /... though, ... all though (conj-part)/
Ϣη [] /but, however (conj-part)/
Ϣη [] /but..., however...., and.... (from late Heian) (conj-part)/
Ϣη [] /(1) in spite of..., although... (conj-part)/(2) show cause or reason {Τ,}/
Τ [Τ] /however..., yet... (conj-part)/
Ϣη [] /(1) something is contrairty to what might be expected {Τ} (conj-part)/(2) indicates reason {Τ}/(3) one action procedes another, but containues during the second/(4) supposition {ȤƤ}/(5) indicating at what point an action occures (conj-part)/
 [] /as soon as..., no sooner than.. (conj-part)/
Ϣѷ [] /(1) show the first action continues up to the time of the second (conj-part)/(2) show subordinate relationships (adj) (conj-part)/
 [] /renyoukei of the aux verb tsu (conj-part)/
Ƥ [Ƥ] /even if... (conj-part)/
Ȥ [Ȥ] /even if..., therefore... (conj-part)/
Ȥ [Ȥ] /saying, thinking, being about to..., being such and such a person.../
 [] /show the first action continues up to the time of the second (similar to -te) (conj-part)/
̤ [] /negative conjunctive, not doing... {ʤ} (conj-part)/
ϢѷĤ [Ĥ] /(1) two actions are caried out simultaneously (conj-part)/(2) action that is repeated/
Ϣѷ(ư)ʤ [ʤ] /(1)same unchanging condition or situation, every thing, every bit of (conj-part)/(2) parallel actions/(3) in spite of..., notwithstanding... {ɤ}/
߷()ʤ [ʤ] /(1) same unchanging condition or situation, every thing, every bit of (conj-part)/(2) parallel actions/(3) in spite of..., notwithstanding... {ɤ}/
̾졼ʤ [ʤ] /(1) same unchanging condition or situation, every thing, every bit of (conj-part)/(2) parallel actions/(3) in spite of..., notwithstanding... {ɤ}/
촴()ʤ [ʤ] /(1) same unchanging condition or situation, every thing, every bit of (conj-part)/(2) parallel actions/(3) in spite of..., notwithstanding... {ɤ}/
ϢηΤ [Τ] /(1) in spite of..., although, however (conj-part)/(2) because, since/
Ϣѷ [] /show empheses (emo-part)/
Ϣη [] /show empheses (emo-part)/
 [] /special emphasis (following negative aux) (emo-part)/
Ϣѷ(ƻ) [] /hypotetical condition (emo-part)/
̤ [] /hypothetical condition, if (emo-part)/
 [] /used for inverted word order (fin-part)/
 [] /used for special emphases (usually follows paticles ya, zo, or mo) (fin-part)/
 [] /special empheses(emo-part)/
Ϣѷ [] /show simular things (emo-part)/
Ϣη [] /show simular things (emo-part)/
̾졼 [] /show simular things (emo-part)/
졼 [] /show simular things (emo-part)/
Ϣѷ [] /even (as little as)..., even (as much as)... (emo-part)/
Ϣη [] /even (as little as)..., even (as much as)... (emo-part)/
̾졼 [] /even (as little as)..., even (as much as)... (emo-part)/
졼 [] /even (as little as)..., even (as much as)... (emo-part)/
Ϣѷ [] /intensifies the tone or meaning of the preceiding word (requires rentaikei at end) (emo-part)/
Ϣη [] /intensifies the tone or meaning of the preceiding word (requires rentaikei at end) (emo-part)/
̾졼 [] /intensifies the tone or meaning of the preceiding word (requires rentaikei at end) (emo-part)/
졼 [] /intensifies the tone or meaning of the preceiding word (requires rentaikei at end) (emo-part)/
Ȥ [Ȥ] /treak as a subsequent verb of saying or thinking has been omitted (fin,emo-part)/
ꤱ /some time ago! (contraction of zo and arikeru)/
Ϣѷʤ [ʤ] /emphasizes the preceeding word of phrase (requires rentaikei at the end) (emo-part)/
Ϣηʤ [ʤ] /emphasizes the preceeding word of phrase (requires rentaikei at the end) (emo-part)/
̾졼ʤ [ʤ] /emphasizes the preceeding word of phrase (requires rentaikei at the end) (emo-part)/
졼ʤ [ʤ] /emphasizes the preceeding word of phrase (requires rentaikei at the end) (emo-part)/
ƻ졼ʤ [ʤ] /emphasizes the preceeding word of phrase (requires rentaikei at the end) (emo-part)/
ʤ [ʤ] /Emphasizes the phrase (abrivation of namu aru) (fin,emo-part)/
Ϣѷʤ [ʤ] /emphasizes the preceeding word of phrase (emo-part)/
Ϣηʤ [ʤ] /emphasizes the preceeding word of phrase (emo-part)/
̾졼ʤ [ʤ] /emphasizes the preceeding word of phrase (emo-part)/
졼ʤ [ʤ] /emphasizes the preceeding word of phrase (emo-part)/
ƻ졼ʤ [ʤ] /emphasizes the preceeding word of phrase (emo-part)/
ʤ [ʤ] /Emchasises the phrase (avbriviation of namu aru) (fin,emo-part)/
 [] /(1) expression of doubt or a question exprecting an affirmative answer (ends rentaikei) (emo-part)/(2) expres irony/(3) continuing list of simular things/
 [] /expresses irony (ends rentaikei) (emo-part)/
ϡĤ [ϡĤ] /expresses an order or a desire (emo-part)/
 [] /(1) expresses doubtor interrogation (ends rentaikei) (emo-part)/(2) expresses irony, poses a positive question expecting a negative answar or vice versa/
 [] /expresses irony (ends rentaikei) (emo-part)/
 [] /(1) forms a concessive clause (verb is izenkei, fllowed by the main clause) (ends izenkei) (emo-part)/(2) gives particularly strong emphasis to something/
 [] /used for emphasis (final verb may be missing) (fin,emo-part)/
Ф [Ф] /irony, certainly not, absolutly not (emo-part)/
ʡĤ [ʡĤ] /a prohibition or negative imperative (emo-part)/
 [] /emphasis or exclamation (fin-part)/
Ϣη [] /(1) doubt or an enquiry stemming from uncertainty (fin-part)/(2) irony/(3) sense of exclamation/
̾졼 [] /(1) doubt or an enquiry stemming from uncertainty (fin-part)/(2) irony/(3) sense of exclamation/
Ϣη [] /sense of exclamation (fin-part)/
̾졼 [] /sense of exclamation (fin-part)/
Ϣη [] /sense of exclamation (fin-part)/
̾졼 [] /sense of exclamation (fin-part)/
 [] /express irony, interrogative (fin-part)/
Τ [Τ] /express irony, interrogative (fin-part)/
 [] /gives a strong emphases to a sentence (fin-part)/
 [] /express desire (fin-part)/
 [] /express desire (fin-part)/
 [] /express desire (fin-part)/
̤Ф [Ф] /expresses desire (fin-part)/
̤ [] /expresses desire with respect to one's own actions or another person's actions {褦,Ʋ} (fin-part)/
 [] /mild sense of exclamation (at end of sentence) (fin-part)/
߷ [] /negative inperative (fin-part)/
̤ʤ [ʤ] /expresses hope or demand (fin-part)/
̤ʤ [ʤ] /expresses hope or demand (fin-part)/
߷ [] /(1) expresses doubt or makes an interrogative (fin-part)/(2) expresses sense of exclamation/
̾졼 [] /expresses sense of exclamation (fin-part)/
߷ [] /expreses irony (fin-part)/
 [] /expreses irony (fin-part)/
 [] /expresses irony (fin-part)/
 [] /used for exclamation (fin-part)/
 [] /used when calling people by there names (fin-part)/
 [] /(1) used for assertion (fin-part)/(2) sense of checking on or making shure (when used with preceding interrogative)/
ï [] /assertion, making sure (form of the fin-particle zo) (fin-part)/
Ϣѷ [] /negative imperative (usually na precedes the verb) (fin-part)/
 [] /shows the lower limit or minimum extent, even somthing as little as..., let alone bigger things (adv-part)/
ˤ [ˤ] /shows the lower limit or minimum extent, even somthing as little as..., let alone bigger things (adv-part)/
 [] /shows the lower limit or minimum extent, even somthing as little as..., let alone bigger things (adv-part)/
 [] /emphasizes something as the extreme, event such a (little) thing as..., let alone all other things (adv-part)/
 [] /emphasizes something as the extreme, event such a (little) thing as..., let alone all other things (adv-part)/
 [] /shows the word qualitifed is in addition to another thing of the same sort, even...in addition ot somthing elese (adv-part)/
Τ [Τ] /special empheses, sence of only {,Ф} (adv-part)/
Ф [Ф] /(1) shows the size or extend of somthing, (as much) as... {ۤ} (adv-part)/(2) only, somthing is limited to just one/
Ф [Ф] /emphasize a cause or reson (adv-part)/
ޤ [ޤ] /(1) shows extent or degree (adv-part)/(2) even, even as much as..., even such things as.../
ޤǤ [ޤǤ] /even if...not... (when folloing a negative word) (adv-part)/
ʤ [ʤ] /(1) not restricted to one thing, but inculdes other simular things (adv-part)/(2) softens a statement/(3) indicates a pharaphrasing of a quote (after a quotation)/(4) used for empheses (in the middle of negative sentences or retorts/
 [] /emphasizes the preceeding word (exc-part)/
 [] /emphasizes the preceeding word (ends izenkei, Heian onward) (exc-part)/
 [] /(1) expresses a sense of exclamation, intensifies the tone (exc-part)/(2) used as a conjunction to join related objects and retain sense of exclamation/
 [] /exclamation and smphasis (exc-part)/
Τ [Τ] /shows exclamation (fin,exc-part)/
ư [] /interjection/
ư졼꡼ [] /action that continues intermittently (pre)/
ư졼 [] /to intensity the meaning (pre)/
ư졼 [] /(1) sense of lightness, quickness, or transience (pre)/(2) sense of throughness or completemes/
̾졼硼 [] /large quanity, greatness (pre)/
ƻ졼 [] /intensify the meaning (pre)/
ư졼ߡ [] /puts stress on the action (pre)/
ư졼ߡ [] /puts stress on the action (pre)/
̾졼 [] /pure, raw, unadulterated (pre)/
ư졼 [] /vagueness or slight lack of clarity (pre)/
ƻ졼 [] /vagueness or slight lack of clarity (pre)/
 [] /smallness, fineness, small quanity (pre)/
ǻ [] /deepness of colour (pre)/
Ρ [] /the late ... (added to the official title of a dead persion) (pre)/
 [] /sake of style or rhythm, earliness, youngness (pre)/
ǡ [] /plainness, naturalness, bareness (pre)/
ư졼 [] /for style or rhythm, intensify the meaning (pre)/
ƻ졼 [] /for style or rhythm, intensify the meaning (pre)/
̡ [] /something made from juwels, praise the beuty of something (pre)/
 [ʤ] /immaturity, imperfection, unworldliness, slightness (pre)/
 [] /truth, purity, used to praise the purity or good quality of something (pre)/
̾졼 [] /sense of loveliness, deepness (pre)/
̾졼ߡ [] /sense of loveliness (pre)/
ư졼ơ [] /(1) intensify the meaning or for the sake of rhythum and style (pre)/(2) dicates a sense of gradualness/
ʪ [] /sense of indefiniteness, vagueness (pre)/
 [ˤ] /newness, beginning (pre)/
̾졼 [] /(1) smallness of size quanity or degree (pre)/(2) to give a feeling of familiarity or intimacy/
̾졼ޤ [ޤ] /expresses a snese of likeness or similarity (shiku) (post)/
졼ޤ [ޤ] /expresses a snese of likeness or similarity (shiku) (post)/
Ϣѷޤ [ޤ] /expresses a snese of likeness or similarity (shiku) (post)/
Ϣη [] /forms a verbal noun, simular to modern koto (not used with adj) (Nara) (post)/
Ϣη餯 [餯] /forms a verbal noun, simular to modern koto (not used with adj) (Nara) (post)/
̤(,) [] /forms a verbal noun, simular to modern koto (not used with adj) (Nara) (post)/
촴()餯 [餯] /forms a verbal noun, simular to modern koto (not used with adj) (Nara) (post)/
߷(other)餯 [餯] /forms a verbal noun, simular to modern koto (not used with adj) (Nara) (post)/
̾졼 [] /sense of apperence, likeness, feeling, vagueness (post)/
Ϣѷ [] /sense of apperence, likeness, feeling, vagueness (post)/
촴(ƻ) [] /sense of apperence, likeness, feeling, vagueness (post)/
Ϣѷ [] /sense of apperence, likeness, feeling, vagueness (post)/
촴(ƻ) [] /like (form adj) (post)/
̾졼 [] /like (form adj) (post)/
̾졼 [] /shows affection (after animal or people names) (post)/
̾졼 [] /gives the meaning of place (post)/
̾졼 [] /expreses condition or state (post)/
촴(ƻ) [] /expreses condition or state (post)/
߷ [] /the occasion of the action/
Ϣѷߤ [] /indicates an action that breaks off half-way through (yo) (post)/
̾졼 [] /expresses likeness or similarity (kamini) (post)/
 [] /express a sense of appearance, similarity, or tenendy, having the quality of..., being in the condition of... (yo) (post)/
̾졼 [ɤ] /forms a pulural (lower status than tachi) (post)/
ʤ [ʤ] /intensifies the meaning (ku) (post)/
̾졼ʤ [ʤ] /shows appearance or similarity (yo) (post)/
ư졼Ф [Ф] /shows apperance of simularity, aving the appearance of... (post)/
ƻ졼Ф [Ф] /shows apperance of simularity, aving the appearance of... (post)/
̾졼Ф [Ф] /shows plear, most cases expresses disdain (used with people) (post)/
 [] /to have the conditin of..., to act like ... (kamini) (post)/
 [] /without (makes noun) (post)/
ƻ(촴) [] /(1) forms a noun (post)/(2) acts as causal conjunction, because ... (post)/
Ϣѷ [] /expresses repeated actions {} (post)/
ᤫ [ᤫ] /being like or simular (shiku) (post)/
ᤫ [ᤫ] /meaning of making or considering like or similar (yo) (post)/
᤯ [᤯] /being or becoming like or similar (yo) (post)/
䤫 [䤫] /appearance or condition (forms the stem of adjectival verb) (post)/
䤰 [䤰] /appearance or condition (yo) (post)/
 [] /(1) shows place or direction (post)/(2) shows affection (with people)/
̾졼 [] /shows pulural (post)/
ƻ(߷,촴) [] /condition, state, apperance (forms noun or sem of an adjectival verb) (post)/
䤷 [䤷] /expresses being emotionally moved/
ư [] /auxiliary verb/
̤ [()()ࡿ͡] /negative/
̤ [顿顿顿롿졿] /negative/
̤ [] /without doing (zu+te) {ʤ}/
̤ʤ [ʤ] /not, netative (form of zu)/
̤ [ߡߡ] /(1) negative presumption, probobly not, perhaps not/(2) negative intension, do not intend to do .../(3) mild prohibition, had better not do .../
Ϣη()ޤ [ߡޤޤޤޤ졿] /negative presumption (it willprobbly not happen)/negative intension (I do not intend to do)/action is not suitible or should not be done/prohibition (directed toward second persion)/anticipation that somthing cannot actually take place/
Ϣη()ޤ [ޤ顿ޤ꡿ߡޤ롿ߡ] /negative presumption (it willprobbly not happen)/negative intension (I do not intend to do)/action is not suitible or should not be done/prohibition (directed toward second persion)/anticipation that somthing cannot actually take place/
߷()ޤ [ߡޤޤޤޤ졿] /negative presumption (it willprobbly not happen)/negative intension (I do not intend to do)/action is not suitible or should not be done/prohibition (directed toward second persion)/anticipation that somthing cannot actually take place/
߷()ޤ [ޤ顿ޤ꡿ߡޤ롿ߡ] /negative presumption (it willprobbly not happen)/negative intension (I do not intend to do)/action is not suitible or should not be done/prohibition (directed toward second persion)/anticipation that somthing cannot actually take place/
߷ޤ [ߡߡޤޤߡ] /negative presumption (it willprobbly not happen) (Nara)/negative intension (I do not intend to do)/action is not suitible or should not be done/prohibition (directed toward second persion)/anticipation that somthing cannot actually take place/
̤ [ߡߡࡿࡿ᡿] /(1) volition (speaker's own action)/(2) presumtion, expectation of future event, suggestion, proper or suitable action (it would be better to do ...), supposition (3rd persion)/(3) subbestion or persuasion/mild or indirect command (2nd persion)/(4) irony, question to which the assumed answer is oposite to that which is suggested/
ऺ [ߡߡऺऺ롿ऺ졿] /supposition or expectation, will probably .../
 [ߡߡ롿졿] /supposition or expectation, will probably ... (Kamakura, Muromachi)/
Ϣѷ [ߡߡࡿࡿ᡿] /(1) volition (speaker's own action)/(2) presumtion, expectation of future event, suggestion, proper or suitable action (it would be better to do ...), supposition (3rd persion)/(3) subbestion or persuasion/mild or indirect command (2nd persion)/
Ϣη() [ߡߡࡿࡿ᡿] /(1) conjecture that an action is probly taking place {ĤƤ}/(2) Refere to things in a indiredct mannor or conjecture not related to time {}/(3) hearsey not experience directory/(4) expresses conjecture as to the reason or cause of an action (things actually experinced by the speaker)/
߷() [ߡߡࡿࡿ᡿] /(1) conjecture that an action is probly taking place {ĤƤ}/(2) Refere to things in a indiredct mannor or conjecture not related to time {}/(3) hearsey not experience directory/(4) expresses conjecture as to the reason or cause of an action (things actually experinced by the speaker)/
Ϣη() [ߡߡ󡿡󡿤᡿] /(1) conjecture that an action is probly taking place {ĤƤ}/(2) Refere to things in a indiredct mannor or conjecture not related to time {}/(3) hearsey not experience directory/(4) expresses conjecture as to the reason or cause of an action (things actually experinced by the speaker)/
߷() [ߡߡ󡿡󡿤᡿] /(1) conjecture that an action is probly taking place {ĤƤ}/(2) Refere to things in a indiredct mannor or conjecture not related to time {}/(3) hearsey not experience directory/(4) expresses conjecture as to the reason or cause of an action (things actually experinced by the speaker)/
촴() [ߡߡࡿࡿ᡿] /(1) conjecture that an action is probly taking place {ĤƤ} (unusual form)/(2) Refere to things in a indiredct mannor or conjecture not related to time {}/(3) hearsey not experience directory/(4) expresses conjecture as to the reason or cause of an action (things actually experinced by the speaker)/
 [] /expresses irony (form of ramu)/
Ϣѷ [ߡߡࡿࡿ᡿] /(1) conjector about base event, must have {}/(2) conjecture about the reason, cause, or origin of a past event/(3) referring indirectly to a past event, or past hearsay, it is said that..., it seems that... {褦}/
Ϣѷ [ߡߡ󡿡󡿤᡿] /(1) conjector about base event, must have {}/(2) conjecture about the reason, cause, or origin of a past event/(3) referring indirectly to a past event, or past hearsay, it is said that..., it seems that... {褦}/
Ϣη()餷 [ߡߡ餷餷餷] /supposition for which there is good reason, it seems..., it appears that... {餷}/
߷()餷 [ߡߡ餷餷餷] /supposition for which there is good reason, it seems..., it appears that... {餷}/
Ϣη() [ߡ꡿꡿롿졿] /(1) conjecture avoiding a firm conclusion, it seems to me that.../(2) refering to somthing indirectly, avoiding a firm statement, it would appear that... {褦}/
߷() [ߡ꡿꡿롿졿] /(1) conjecture avoiding a firm conclusion, it seems to me that.../(2) refering to somthing indirectly, avoiding a firm statement, it would appear that... {褦}/
Ϣѷ [ơơġĤ롿Ĥ졿Ƥ] /(1) completion of an action {Ƥä,}/(2) emphasizes and asserts an action {ޤ}/
Ƥ [Ƥ] /(1) makes an emphatic suppostion (te+mu)/(2) expresses strong intention, I certainly shall.../(3) expresses conjecture in regard to a possiblity, shall probably be able to ... /(4) persuasion or mild command/
Ĥ [Ĥ] /shows both conjecture and affirmation with regard to a completed action (tu+ramu)/
Ϣѷ [ʡˡ̡̤롿̤졿] /(1) completion of an action {,Ƥޤä}/(2) emphasizes or affirms an action/
ʤ [ʤ] /(1) conjecture that something is most likely to happen (nu+mu)/(2) strong intension/(3) something is possible/(4) persuasion or mild command/(5) emphatically states soemthing should naturally hapen/
ʤऺ [ʤऺ] /likelyhood of probability (na+mu+tosu)/
Ϣѷ [顿꡿꡿롿졿] /(1) completion of an action or process, past/(2) continueing effect of a completed action or process, perfect tense, has done/
 [] /(1) conjecture about the completion of an action or process (tari+mu)/(2) supposition of a possible situation resulting from a completed action, if one were to have done .../
ˤ [ˤ] /strong perfect tense (nu+tari) {Ƥ,Ƥޤä}/
ˤ [ˤ] /conjecture about a perfect action, it seems that...has done, ... must have done (nu+tari+mu)/
 [꡿,ȡ꡿롿졿] /copular aux verb (follows substatives) {Ǥ}/
̤() [顿꡿꡿롿졿] /(1) continuing effect of a complted action or process {Ƥ,Ƥ}/(2) action underling a certain state of affairs/(3) completion of an action or process {,Ƥޤ}/
Ϣѷ() [顿꡿꡿롿졿] /(1) continuing effect of a complted action or process (used only after Kamakura) {Ƥ,Ƥ}/(2) action underling a certain state of affairs/(3) completion of an action or process {,Ƥޤ}/
̤() [顿꡿꡿롿졿] /(1) continuing effect of a complted action or process (unusual form) {Ƥ,Ƥ}/(2) action underling a certain state of affairs/(3) completion of an action or process {,Ƥޤ}/
() [顿꡿꡿롿졿] /(1) continuing effect of a complted action or process {Ƥ,Ƥ}/(2) action underling a certain state of affairs/(3) completion of an action or process {,Ƥޤ}/
 [⤿] /to have waited for (irregular conjigation, motsu+ri)/
Ϣѷ() [ߡ] /recollection of something direclty experienced in the past, recollection of something kown to be fact (forms are limted)/
̤() [ߡ] /recollection of something direclty experienced in the past, recollection of something kown to be fact (forms are limted)/
Ϣѷ() [ߡ] /recollection of something direclty experienced in the past, recollection of something kown to be fact (forms are limted)/
̤() [ߡ] /recollection of something direclty experienced in the past, recollection of something kown to be fact (forms are limted)/
Ϣѷ() [ߡ] /recollection of something direclty experienced in the past, recollection of something kown to be fact/
 [] /hypotheical condtion (ki+ba)/
Ϣѷ [()ߡ꡿롿졿] /(1) recollection or telling of a past event (kera was used only in Nara period) {,}/(2) state of exclamation, suppriese, emotion that something is realized fo rthe first time (connected with sate words)/
̤(,,) [졿졿롿롿졿] /(1) spontaneity, an action withut prier intension/(2) passive voice/(3) potential/(4) respect/
̤(,,,,,) [졿졿롿롿졿] /(1) spontaneity, an action withut prier intension/(2) passive voice/(3) potential/(4) respect/
̤(,,) [롿졿] /(1) causation (causative)/(2) respect/(3) passive (only used in war tails from Kamakura on)/
̤(,,,,,) [롿졿] /(1) causation (causative)/(2) respect/(3) passive (only used in war tails from Kamakura on)/
ʹ [] /to say, to tell (humble) (shimoni)/
̤ [᡿᡿ࡿ롿졿] /(1) causation (causative)/(2) rspect/(3) used to show humility (rare usage)/(4) respectful imperative (meireikei only, Muromachi)/
̤ޤ [ޤ,ޤߡޤޤޤ] /(1) hypothetical conjecture, if it were to... it would have.../(2) subjective inference or intension, ...is probably..., I shall.../(3) shows a desire, I which that.../(4) idea that something is natural or fitting, it ought to be.../(5) intention (combined with such as kiade...)/
̤ޤۤ [ߡޤۤޤۤޤۤޤۤ졿] /positive desire, I want to..., I want someone else to do... {,Ƥۤ}/
̤ޤۤ [ޤۤ顿ޤۤ꡿ߡޤۤ롿ߡ] /positive desire, I want to..., I want someone else to do... {,Ƥۤ}/
̤ޤ [ߡޤޤޤޤ졿] /deiser that something should not happen {ʤ}/
Ϣη(,ƻ,ư)٤ [ߡ٤٤٤٤졿] /(1) conjecture which contains confidence, it will surely/(2) expectation or anticipation, I intend to do... {ΤĤǤ}/(3) nautual outcome or expectation, ...ought to occure, ...should happen {ϤǤ}/(4) obligation, must do..., should do..., ought to do {٤Ǥ}/(5) intensiou, I shall {褦}/(6) possibility or potential, can do, will be able to {Ǥ}/(7) suggestion, persuassion, command, had better do {ۤ褤}/
߷(ư)٤ [ߡ٤٤٤٤졿] /(1) conjecture which contains confidence, it will surely/(2) expectation or anticipation, I intend to do... {ΤĤǤ}/(3) nautual outcome or expectation, ...ought to occure, ...should happen {ϤǤ}/(4) obligation, must do..., should do..., ought to do {٤Ǥ}/(5) intensiou, I shall {褦}/(6) possibility or potential, can do, will be able to {Ǥ}/(7) suggestion, persuassion, command, had better do {ۤ褤}/
Ϣη(,ƻ,ư)٤ [٤顿٤꡿ߡ(٤)ߡ] /(1) conjecture which contains confidence, it will surely/(2) expectation or anticipation, I intend to do... {ΤĤǤ}/(3) nautual outcome or expectation, ...ought to occure, ...should happen {ϤǤ}/(4) obligation, must do..., should do..., ought to do {٤Ǥ}/(5) intensiou, I shall {褦}/(6) possibility or potential, can do, will be able to {Ǥ}/(7) suggestion, persuassion, command, had better do {ۤ褤}/
߷(ư)٤ [٤顿٤꡿ߡ(٤)ߡ] /(1) conjecture which contains confidence, it will surely/(2) expectation or anticipation, I intend to do... {ΤĤǤ}/(3) nautual outcome or expectation, ...ought to occure, ...should happen {ϤǤ}/(4) obligation, must do..., should do..., ought to do {٤Ǥ}/(5) intensiou, I shall {褦}/(6) possibility or potential, can do, will be able to {Ǥ}/(7) suggestion, persuassion, command, had better do {ۤ褤}/
٤ [٤] /Since there is no doubt that/
٤ʤ [٤ʤ] /it appears that, it seems/
Ĥ٤ [Ĥ٤] /will surely do/
̤٤ [̤٤] /will surely do/
٤ /ought to exist/
٤ [٤] /perhaps ought to, will be able to do (beshi+mu)/
Ϣηʤ [ʤ顿ʤ,ˡʤ꡿ʤ롿ʤ졿(ʤ)] /(1) statement or assertion {Ǥ}/(2) existance {ˤ}/
Ϣη()ʤ [ߡʤ꡿ʤ꡿ʤ롿ʤ졿] /(1) hearsay, information passed on from anther person {ȤȤ}/(2) supposition, inference from one's surroundings {餷}/
߷()ʤ [ߡʤ꡿ʤ꡿ʤ롿ʤ졿] /(1) hearsay, information passed on from anther person {ȤȤ}/(2) supposition, inference from one's surroundings {餷}/(3) exclamation (Edo period)/
٤ʤ [٤ʤ] /it seems, it appears that (beshi+nari)/
ϢηȤ [ߡȤ,()ȤȤߡ] /simularity, resemblence, likeness {Τ褦,˻Ƥ}/
̤͡ [ϡҡաաء] /action is carried out repeadly or successivly (Mainly Nara, but some Heian)/
Ϣѷ [졿] /positive desire (late Heian, eventually contracted to tai)/
Ϣѷ [顿꡿ߡ롿ߡ] /positive desire (late Heian, eventually contracted to tai)/
 [ ] /yo-dan /
 [ߡߡߤ롿ߤ롿ߤ졿ߤ] /kamiichi-dan ߤ/
 [롿롿졿] /shimoichi-dan  (only)/
 [ġĤ롿Ĥ졿] /kamini-dan /
 [롿졿] /shimoni-dan /
 [롿졿] /kahen  (only)/
 [롿졿[ /sahen /
 [ʡˡ̡̤롿̤졿] /nahen/
 [顿꡿꡿롿졿] /rahen /
ƻ [ߡۤۤۤۤ졿] /shi ۤ/
ƻ [ۤ顿ۤ꡿(ۤ)ۤ롿(ۤ)(ۤ)] /shi-kari ۤ/
ƻ [ߡ򤫤򤫤򤫤򤫤졿] /shiku 򤫤/
ƻ [򤫤顿򤫤꡿ߡ򤫤롿ߡ(򤫤)] /shiku-kari 򤫤/
ʤ [ʤ顿ʤꡢˡʤ꡿ʤ롿ʤ졿ʤ] /nari conjugation of adjectival verbs/
 [顿ꡢȡ꡿롿졿] /tari conjugation/

