# TDeint

## Abstract

author: tritical
version: v1.0 Final
download: http://bengal.missouri.edu/~kes25c/
category: Deinterlacing & Pulldown Removal
requirements:

- YV12 & YUY2 Colorspace

license: GPL

## Description

TDeint is a bi-directionally, motion adaptive, sharp deinterlacer. It can adaptively choose between using per-field and per-pixel motion adaptivity, and can use cubic interpolation, kernel interpolation (with temporal direction switching), or one of two forms of modified ELA interpolation which help to reduce "jaggy" edges in moving areas where interpolation must be used. TDeint also supports user overrides through an input file, and can act as a smart bobber or same frame rate deinterlacer, as well as an IVTC post-processor.

### Syntax

`TDeint` (clip, int "mode", int "order", int "field", int "mthreshL", int "mthreshC", int "map", string "ovr", int "ovrDefault", int "type", bool "debug", int "mtnmode", bool "sharp", bool "hints", PClip "clip2", bool "full", int "cthresh", bool "chroma", int "MI", bool "tryWeave", int "link", bool "denoise", int "AP", int "blockx", int "blocky", int "APType", PClip "edeint", PClip "emask", float "blim", int "metric", int "expand", int "slow", int "opt")

### PARAMETERS

mode:

Sets the mode of operation. Modes -2 and -1 require progressive input.

- -2 - double height using modified ELA
- -1 - double height using modified ELA-2
- 0 - same rate output
- 1 - double rate output (bobbing)
- 2 - smartbobbed field-matching (same rate output, blend frames from bobbed stream)

default - 0 (int)

order:

Sets the field order of the video.

- -1 - use parity from Avisynth
- 0 - bottom field first (bff)
- 1 - top field first (tff)

default - -1 (int)

field:

When in mode 0 and 2, this sets the field to be interpolated. When in mode 1, this setting does nothing.

- -1 - will set field equal to order if hints = false or to 0 if hints = true
- 0 - interpolate top field (keep bottom field)
- 1 - interpolate bottom field (keep top field)

default - -1 (int)

mthreshL/mthreshC:

The motion thresholds for luma and chroma (mthreshL for luma, mthreshC for chroma). If the difference between two pixels is less than this value they are declared static. Smaller values will reduce residual combing, larger values will decrease flicker and increase the accuracy of field construction in static areas. The spatially corresponding parts of the luma and chroma planes are linked (if link != 0), so mthreshC and mthreshL may be somewhat interconnected. Setting both values to 0 or below will disable motion adaptation (i.e. every pixel will be declared moving) allowing for a dumb bob.

default - mthreshL - 6 (int)
mthreshC - 6 (int)

map:

Displays an output map instead of the deinterlaced frame. There are three possible options.

**Note: the maps will not be displayed if the current frame is not being deinterlaced due to overrides, hints, full=false, or tryWeave=true.

**AP post-processing is currently not taken into account when using map = 1 or 2.

- 0 - No map.
- 1 - value (binary) map. This will output a frame in which all the pixels have one of the following values (indicating how the frame is to be constructed):
  - 0 (use pixel from current frame)
  - 51 (use pixel from previous frame)
  - 102 (use pixel from next frame)
  - 153 (use average of curr/next)
  - 204 (use average of curr/prev)
  - 230 (use [1 2 1] average of prev/curr/next)
  - 255 (interpolate pixel)
- 2 - Merged map. This will output a frame in which all the static parts of the frame (values 0, 51, 102, 153, 204, and 230 from map=1) have been constructed as they would appear in the deinterlaced frame, and the pixels that are to be interpolated are marked in white.

default - 0 (int)

ovr:

Sets the name and path to an overrides file. When mode=0, an overrides file can be used to control the values of mthreshL, mthreshC, field, order, and type for single frames or for ranges of frames, as well as control which frames are deinterlaced. When mode=1, an overrides file can be used to control the values of mthreshL, mthreshC, and type for specific frames or ranges of frames.

Overrides file specifiers:

- + = mark frame to be deinterlaced (only useful if ovrDefault = 1)
- - = mark frame to not be deinterlaced
- f = field
- o = order
- l = mthreshL
- c = mthreshC
- t = type

  *The c, f, o, l, t specifiers also require a change value to be specified when they are used (look at the overrides syntax to see how this is done)

Override syntax:

[] = not required for +, - specifiers

single frame override:
  frame_number specifier [change_value]
  examples:

      245 f 1
      345 +
      400 -
      450 c -1

override for range of frames:
  start_frame_number,end_frame_number specifier [change_value]
  examples:

      100,200 +
      346,352 f 0
      900,1200 l 5

  ** The range is inclusive, meaning the end frame and start frame are both included.
  Pattern based frame range overrides (only for +,- specifiers):
  examples:

      100,300 +-+++--+++
      400,456 ---+---++

  ** Will use the given pattern over the specified frame range.

Things to remember (key points/rules):

1. Ranges are inclusive
2. When mode = 1 (bobbing) all overrides except for mthreshL/mthreshC, and type overrides are ignored. Also, frame #'s correspond to the input clip not the output clip, thus one frame will be two frames in the output.
3. The changed value is always set back to what it was originally set to after the override goes out of the specified range. (i.e. if you specify an mthresh override for frame 600 to 700 after frame 700 mthresh is set back to its original value automatically, you don't need to set it back in the overrides file! The original value is what it is set to on load (i.e. either the default or what you set it to in your avisynth script).
4. Frame numbers must be within range for the file.
5. Frame numbers for specific specifiers must be ascending (if they are not, the last entry in the file takes precedence ex. if you specify 300,400 c 10 then later do 350,450 c 12 frames 350 to 400 will use 12 not 10).
6. Frames numbers for the (+, -) specifiers cannot overlap (e.g. don't do 300,400 - and then later in the file write 350,500 + or strange things will happen. The other specifiers don't have to meet this requirement as they all effect different things.
7. +, - specifiers require no change value.
8. The spacing is important! Just look at the examples.
9. Only +, - specifiers can be used in pattern specifications.
10. You can change multiple specifiers over the same frame range as long as you follow the rules above (+, - ascending frame numbers for example).
11. You can comment out a line (i.e. it will be ignored) by adding a '#' or ';' to the beginning of the line.
12. Entering 0 as the end_frame for a range of frames is taken as meaning the last frame of the video.

Example overrides file:

Syntax example => TDeint(order=1,ovr="c:\path\myoverridesfile.txt")

    100,300 o 0
    100,300 f 1
    90,250 c 3
    40,500 -
    505 -
    300,700 l -1
    #700,3000 f 1 <- commented out, will be ignored
    800,1000 -++-
    500,1000 c 13

default - "" (string)

ovrDefault:

When using an overrides file in mode 0, this specifies the default action for all frames in the video. Using ovrDefault=1 makes it easy to deinterlace only a few specific frames in a video. When mode = 1, this setting does nothing.

- 0 - all frames not specified as '-' in the overrides file are deinterlaced
- 1 - all frames not specified as '+' in the overrides file are not deinterlaced and simply returned as is

default - 0 (int)

type:

Sets the type of interpolation to use. Cubic is the fastest, modified ELA and ELA2 will give smoother, less "jaggy", edges and are the slowest (ELA2 is faster), and kernel interpolation will cause significantly less flickering than cubic or ela when interpolation gets used in almost static areas. Modified ELA and ELA2 work best with anime/cartoon type material... they are not that great with real life sources (sometimes they are, test for yourself).

- 0 - cubic interpolation
- 1 - modified ELA interpolation
- 2 - kernel interpolation (can be normal or sharp, controlled by the sharp setting)
- 3 - modified ELA-2 interpolation
- 4 - blend interpolation

default - 2 (int)

debug:

Will enable debug output, which for each frame will list the values of order, field, mthreshL, mthreshC, and type if the frame is being deinterlaced. If the frame is not being deinterlaced (due to user overrides, hints, or full=false), it will simply say the frame is not being deinterlaced and list the specific reason. If the output frame is weaved, then debug output will report which field the current field was weaved with (PREV or NEXT). The debug information is output using OutputDebugString(). To view the output you can use DebugView from Sysinternals.

default - false (bool)

mtnmode:

Controls whether a 4 field motion check or a 5 field motion check is used. 5 field will prevent more artifacts and can deal with duplicate interlaced frames; however, it is quite a bit slower than the 4 field motion check. Modes 2 and 3 are like 0 and 1 except that in areas where an average of the prev and next field would have been used in mode 0 or 1, the pixel value from the most similar field (computed via field differencing) is used instead (i.e. no averages are used).

- 0 - 4 field check
- 1 - 5 field check
- 2 - 4 field check (no averages, replace with most similar field)
- 3 - 5 field check (no averages, replace with most similar field)

default - 1 (int)

sharp:

Controls whether the sharp or normal kernel is used when using kernel interpolation (type = 2). The sharp kernel includes more pixels and produces a sharper result but is slightly slower.

- true - use sharp kernel
- false - use normal kernel

default - true (bool)

hints:

Read hints from telecide or tfm indicating which frames are interlaced and which are not if hints are present in the video stream. To make this work you need to set post=1 in telecide or PP=1 in tfm and put TDeint immediately afterwards. TDeint will not effect the hints (as long as your video has a width of at least 64 pixels) in case any filters later on need to read them. If hints is set to true, but no hints from telecide or tfm are detected in the video stream, then all frames will be deinterlaced (TDeint will operate as if hints=false). If you do not specify a value for hints explicitly, then TDeint will check to see if hints are present in the stream on load and set hints to true if they are or false if they aren't (i.e. it is automatically set).

**NOTE: for IVTC post-processing by reading hints it is recommended to use TDeint in the following fashion making use of the clip2 parameter.

    orig = last
    fieldmatcher()
    TDeint(clip2 = orig)

- true - read hints if present
- false - don't read hints

default - automatically detected on load (bool)

clip2:

If using tdeint as a postprocessor for telecide or tfm via the hints parameter (or any field matcher), incorrect deinterlacing can occur due to the fact that telecide changes the order of the fields in the original stream (it is a field matcher after all). This can cause problems in some cases since TDeint really needs to have the original stream. To work around this, you can specify a second clip "clip2" for TDeint to do the actual deinterlacing from.

In a script this is how it would work:

    mpeg2source("c:\mysource.d2v")
    orig = last
    telecide(guide=1, order=1, hints=true, post=1)
    tdeint(order=1, clip2=orig)

So TDeint reads the output clip from telecide as usual. When hints indicate an interlaced frame, it does the deinterlacing of the frame using clip2. This method also perserves the hints in the output stream so any other filters that need them later on will still work.

With the addition of full=false, another way to use TDeint as a post-processor is to have it use its own combed frame detection as follows (this also allows it to work with any field matcher, not just telecide or tfm):

    mpeg2source("c:\mysource.d2v")
    orig = last
    fieldmatcherofchoice()
    tdeint(order=1, full=false, clip2=orig)

default - NULL (PClip)

full:

If full is set to true, then all frames are processed as usual. If full=false, all frames are first checked to see if they are combed. If a frame isn't combed, then it is returned as is. If a frame is combed, then it is processed as usual. The parameters that effect combed frame detection are cthresh, chroma, blockx, blocky, and MI. full=false allows TDeint to be an ivtc post-processor without the need for hints.

- true - normal processing
- false - check all input frames for combing first

default - true (bool)

cthresh:

Area combing threshold used for combed frame detection. It is like dthresh or dthreshold in telecide() and fielddeinterlace(). This essentially controls how "strong" or "visible" combing must be to be detected. Good values are from 6 to 12. If you know your source has a lot of combed frames set this towards the low end (6-7). If you know your source has very few combed frames set this higher (10-12). Going much lower than 5 to 6 or much higher than 12 is not recommended.

default - 6 (int)

blockx:

Sets the x-axis size of the window used during combed frame detection. This has to do with the size of the area in which MI number of pixels are required to be detected as combed for a frame to be declared combed. See the MI parameter description for more info. Possible values are any number that is a power of 2 starting at 4 and going to 2048 (e.g. 4, 8, 16, 32, ... 2048).

default - 16 (int)

blocky:

Sets the y-axis size of the window used during combed frame detection. This has to do with the size of the area in which MI number of pixels are required to be detected as combed for a frame to be declared combed. See the MI parameter description for more info. Possible values are any number that is a power of 2 starting at 4 and going to 2048 (e.g. 4, 8, 16, 32, ... 2048).

default - 16 (int)

chroma:

Includes chroma combing in the decision about whether a frame is combed. Only use this if you have one of those weird sources where the chroma can be temporally separated from the luma (i.e. the chroma moves but the luma doesn't in a field). Otherwise, it will just help to screw up the decision most of the time.

- true - include chroma combing
- false - don't

default - false (bool)

MI:

The number of required combed pixels inside any of the blockx by blocky sized blocks on the frame for the frame to be considered combed. While cthresh controls how "visible" or "strong" the combing must be, this setting controls how much combing there must be in any localized area (a blockx by blocky sized window) on the frame. Min setting = 0, max setting = blockx x blocky (at which point no frames will ever be detected as combed).

default - 64 (int)

tryWeave:

If set to true, when TDeint deinterlaces a frame it will first calculate which field (PREV or NEXT) is most similar to the current field. It will then weave this field to create a new frame and check this new frame for combing. If the new frame is not combed, then it returns it. If it is, then it deinterlaces using the usual per-pixel motion adaptation. Basically, this setting allows TDeint to try to use per-field motion adaptation instead of per-pixel motion adaptation where possible.

default - false (bool)

link:

Controls how the three planes (Y, U, and V) are linked during comb map creation. Possible settings:

- 0 - no linking
- 1 - Full linking (each plane to every other)
- 2 - Y to UV (luma to chroma)
- 3 - UV to Y (chroma to luma)

default - 2 (int)

denoise:

Controls whether the comb map is denoised or not. True enables denoising, false disables.

default - false (bool)

AP:

Artifact protection threshold. If AP is set to a value greater than or equal to 0, then before outputting a deinterlaced frame TDeint will scan all weaved pixels to see if any create a value greater than AP. Any pixels that do will be interpolated. Use this to help prevent very obvious motion adaptive related artifacts. A large value for AP is recommended (25+, or as large as removes the artifacts that can be seen during full-speed playback), as smaller values will destroy the benefits of motion adaptivity in static, detailed areas. The AP metric is the same as the cthresh metric... so the scale is 0-255. At zero everything but completely flat areas will be detected as combing. At 255 nothing will be detected. Using AP will slow down processing. Set AP to a value less than 0 or greater than 254 to disable.

default - -1 (disabled) (int)

APType:

When AP post-processing is being used (AP is set >= 0 and < 255), APType controls whether the motion of surrounding pixels should be taken into account. There are 3 possible settings:

- 0 = Don't take surrounding motion into account. If a weaved pixel creates a value that exceeds the AP threshold then it will be interpolated.
- 1 = If a weaved pixel creates a value that exceeds the AP threshold and at least half of pixels in a 5x5 window centered on that pixel were detected as moving then that pixel will be interpolated.
- 2 = Exactly like 1, except instead of 1/2 only 1/3 of the pixels in the surrounding 5x5 window must have been detected as moving.

Modes 1 and 2 provide a way to catch more artifacts (low AP values) without completely sacrificing static areas.

default - 1 (int)

edeint:

Allows the specification of an external clip from which to take interpolated pixels instead of having TDeint use one of its internal interpolation methods. If a clip is specified, then TDeint will process everything as usual except that instead of computing interpolated pixels itself it will take the needed pixels from the corresponding spatial positions in the same frame of the edeint clip. To disable the use of an edeint clip simply don't specify a value for edeint.

default - NULL (PClip)

emask:

Allows the specification of an external clip from which to take the motion mask instead of having TDeint build the mask internally. Using this option makes the following parameters of TDeint have no effect: mthreshL, mthreshC, mtnmode, denoise, link. The possible values that can be present in the motion mask frames are defined as follows:

- 10 - Use pixel from current frame
- 20 - Use pixel from previous frame
- 30 - Use pixel from next frame
- 40 - Use avg of pixels from current and next
- 50 - Use avg of pixels from current and previous
- 60 - Interpolate
- 70 - Use [1 2 1] blend of pixels from prev/curr/next

Behavoir is undefined for other values, but they should end up being treated internally as though they were 60.

default - NULL (PClip)

blim:

Sets the maximum difference value for mode 2. If both differences (src-prev and src-next) are above this value then src is returned as is. Otherwise, src is blended with either prev or next depending on which is most similar to src. This value is on a 0.0 to 100.0 scale based on luma plane difference. Use debug=true to see the difference values generated and the limit value. The debug output will look like the following:

    [5776] TDeint:  frame 0:  d1 = 0  d2 = 0  lim = 1513728

d1 is the src-prev difference and d2 is the src-next difference. lim is the maximum value translated from the float value into an unsigned long value. Set blim to a negative value to disable checking (src will always be blended with either prev or next).

default - -2.0 (float)

metric:

Sets which spatial combing metric is used to detect combed pixels. Possible options:

Assume 5 neighboring pixels (a,b,c,d,e) positioned vertically.

a
b
c
d
e

    0:  d1 = c - b;
        d2 = c - d;
        if ((d1 > cthresh && d2 > cthresh) || (d1 < -cthresh && d2 < -cthresh))
        {
           if (abs(a+4*c+e-3*(b+d)) > cthresh*6) it's combed;
        }

    1:  val = (b - c) * (d - c);
        if (val > cthresh*cthresh) it's combed;

Metric 0 is what tdeint always used previous to v1.0 RC7. Metric 1 is the combing metric used in Donald Graft's FieldDeinterlace()/IsCombed() funtions in decomb.dll.

default - 0 (int)

expand:

Sets the number of pixels to expand the comb mask horizontally on each side of combed pixels. Basically, if expand is greater than 0 then TDeint will consider all pixels within 'expand' distance horizontally of a detected combed pixel to be combed as well.

default - 0 (int)

slow:

Sets which field matching function is used. These functions match the corresponding functions in tfm. Possible values:

- 0 - normal (should have the worst accuracy)
- 1 - slower
- 2 - slowest (should have the best accuracy)

default - 1 (int)

opt:

Controls which cpu optimizations are used. Possible settings:

- 0 - use c routines
- 1 - use mmx routines
- 2 - use isse routines
- 3 - use sse2 routines
- 4 - auto detect

default - 4 (int)

## Example Scripts

Same rate deinterlacing:

    mpeg2source()
    tdeint()

Bobbing:

    mpeg2source()
    tdeint(mode=1)

Deinterlacing with EEDI2 for interpolation:

    mpeg2source()
    interp = separatefields().selecteven().eedi2()
    tdeint(edeint=interp)

Bobbing with EEDI2 for interpolation:

    mpeg2source()
    interp = separatefields().eedi2(field=-2)
    tdeint(mode=1,edeint=interp)

Smartbobbed field-matching (same rate deinterlacing via blending of bobbed frames):

    mpeg2source()
    tdeint(mode=2)

Smartbobbed field-matching with EEDI2 for interpolation:

    mpeg2source()
    interp = separatefields().eedi2(field=-2)
    tdeint(mode=2,edeint=interp)

## Changelog

10/16/2006 v1.0 Final
+ added blend deinterlacing option (type = 4)
- changed denoise default to false
- pixels detected as moving, but with absolute difference < 4 to both vertical neighbors are no longer automatically weaved (should fix problems with slow fades)

10/04/2006 v1.0 RC8
+ added expand parameter
+ added slow parameter and slow=1/2 matching modes from tfm
- fixed a typo causing mode 2 to crash with yuy2 input

04/10/2006 v1.0 RC7
+ optimized combed frame detection functions (now matches tivtc)
+ added second spatial combing metric and "metric" parameter (same as tfm and is/showcombeditvtc)
+ optimized denoise routines
+ improved the field comparison routine (now equal to slow=0 in tfm)
+ mode 2 uses the field comparison routine instead of full frame subtract for determining the best matching frame (more accurate)
- directly assign frames from emask clip (no need to copy)
- changed blim default to -2.0 (disabled)
- call setcachehints for emask/edeint clips when used

03/22/2006 v1.0 RC6
+ optimized motion map and field comparison routines
+ added opt parameter
- fixed missing cache in mode 2

03/21/2006 v1.0 RC5
- fixed mode 2 mmx/isse subtract frames functions (contained paddq sse2 instruction)

03/19/2006 v1.0 RC4
+ output MIC values in debug info when tryweave=true or full=false
+ added value 70 to emask input
+ added mmx versions of isse/sse2 compare/blend routines for mode=2
- refactored/rewrote a lot of the code to clean up and simply things, no changes that effect output... should give a slight speed up

03/18/2006 v1.0 RC3
+ Added mode 2 and blim parameter

12/18/2005 v1.0 RC2
+ Added emask parameter
- Fixed edeint not working correctly with mode=1
- Changed field=-1 operation when hints=false

12/03/2005 v1.0 RC1
+ Added edeint parameter

08/14/2005 v1.0 beta 4
- SetCacheHints call to diameter instead of radius
- Fixed type=1 YUY2 interpolation routine giving messed up chroma output (bug was introduced in v1.0 beta 3)

05/14/2005 v1.0 beta 3
+ Added APType parameter, adds 2 new AP post-processing modes that take surrounding motion into account
+ Small changes (hopefully improvements) to type 3 (ELA-2) interpolation

04/26/2005 v1.0 beta 2
+ Added modes -2 and -1... will upsize vertically by a factor of 2 using ELA or ELA2
+ Call SetCacheHints in filter constructor
+ Some small optimizations, should give a very small speed up

04/23/2005 v1.0 beta 1
+ Added AP threshold and post-processing
+ Added blockx and blocky for variable window size during combed frame detection
- Changed default MI value to 64 (default window size is now 16x16 = 256 pixels)
- changed default cthresh value to 6
- Small change to denoising routine

04/20/2005 v0.9.7.2
- Fixed not correctly using the field information from tfm's hints when acting as a post-processor for it. Also fixed not correctly altering the match info of tfm's hints when acting as a post-processor for it (PP=1 in tfm).
+ Improvements to type 3 interpolation, renamed to modified ELA-2

03/10/2005 v0.9.7.1
+ Fixed not correctly reading hints from newer versions of tivtc and if colorimetry hints were present from dgdecode.

01/20/2005 v0.9.7
+ Added link and denoise parameters, link defaults to 2 and denoise to true
+ Added ELA interpolation (tomsmocomp version) as type = 3
+ Hints option can now read hints from tfm as well as telecide
+ map = 2 now sets the chroma pixels that are to be interpolated to 255 and not just the luma
- Changed default type value to 2 (kernel interpolation)
- Changed default tryWeave value to false

10/03/2004 v0.9.6
+ Added full parameter, allows for ivtc post-processing. full defaults to true.
+ Added cthresh, chroma, and MI parameters... these are used when full=false
+ Added tryWeave option, allows TDeint to adaptively switch between per-field and per-pixel motion adaptation. tryWeave defaults to true.
+ Improved field differencing
+ changed mtnmode default to 1

09/26/2004 v0.9.5
+ Sped up mtnmodes 2 and 3, was doing it the hard way and not the easy way...

09/25/2004 v0.9.4
+ Added auto hints detection
+ Added mtnmodes 2 and 3
+ Added ability to deinterlace from the original stream when using hints via clip2 parameter
- Fixed field differencing using the wrong fields doh!

09/18/2004 v0.9.3
+ Added order = -1 option, will detect parity from avisynth
+ Added hints option for reading telecide hints for interlaced/progressive
+ 5 field motion check now includes checks over 4 field distances
- Fixed a bug in YUY2 type = 1 deinterlacing method

09/14/2004 v0.9.2
+ Added kernel interpolation and sharp parameter
+ Added 5 field motion check and mtnmode parameter
+ Changed default motion thresholds to 6

09/12/2004 v0.9.1
- Fixed some really stupid bugs, one motion check was incorrect for the first and last frame of a clip, and mode = 1 would only work for the first half of the video

09/12/2004 v0.9
- Initial Release

`$Date: 2006/10/19 19:27:32 $`